References & Related Research

The following references are either cited in this report or helped to inform it.

Abu-Lughod, L. (2005). Dramas of nationhood: The politics of television in Egypt. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 

Adams, M. (2014). Music and the play of power in the Middle East, North Africa and Central Asia. Journal of the Musical Arts in Africa, 11(1), 129-132. 

Al-Jenaibi, B. (2011). The use of social media in the United Arab Emirates: An initial study. European Journal of Social Sciences, 23(1), 87-100. 

Ayyad, K. (2011). Internet usage vs. traditional media usage among university students in the United Arab Emirates. Journal of Arab & Muslim Media Research, 4(1), 41–61. 

Aziz, M. A. (2010). Arab music videos and their implications for Arab music and media. InCollected Work: Music and media in the Arab world. (pp. 77-90). Cairo: The American University in Cairo Press. 

Boulianne, S. (2015). Social media use and participation: A meta-analysis of current research. Information, Communication & Society, 18(5), 524-538. 

Chouikha, L. (2007). Satellite television in the Maghreb: Plural reception and interference of identities. History & Anthropology, 18(3), 367-377.

Christensen, M. (2013). New media geographies and the Middle East. Television & New Media, 14(4), 267-270.

Cole, J., Suman, M., Schramm, P., & Zhou, L. (2015). The World Internet Project. World Internet Project, University of Southern California.

Cottle, S. (2011). Media and the Arab uprisings of 2011: Research notes. Journalism, 12(5), 647-659. Courmont, B., & Clément, P. A. (2014).

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Dennis, E. E., Martin, J. D., & Wood, R. (2013). Media use in the Middle East: An eight-nation survey. Retrieved from www.menamediasurvey.northwestern.edu

Dennis, E. E., Martin, J. D., & Wood, R. (2014). Entertainment media use in the Middle East: A six-nation survey. Retrieved from www.mideastmedia.org 

Dennis, E. E., Martin, J. D., & Wood, R. (2015). Media use in the Middle East: A six-nation survey. Retrieved from www.mideastmedia.org/2015

Dennis, E. E., Martin, J. D., & Wood, R. (2016). Media use in the Middle East: A six-nation survey. Retrieved from www.mideastmedia.org/2015 

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Downey, A. (Ed.). (2014). Uncommon Grounds: New media and critical practices in North Africa and the Middle East. New York: IB Tauris.

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Hroub, K. (2012). Religious broadcasting in the Middle East. New York: Columbia University Press.

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Kamal, S., & Chu, S. C. (2012). Beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors toward advertising on social media in the Middle East: A study of young consumers in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. International Journal of Internet Marketing and Advertising, 7(3), 237-259.

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Kraidy, M. (2010). Reality television and Arab politics: Contention in public life. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Kraidy, M. M, & Khalil, J. (2009). Arab television industries. London: Palgrave MacMillan.

Kraidy, M. M. (2012). Contention and circulation in the digital Middle East: Music video as catalyst. Television & New Media, 1527476412463450.

Lahlali, E. M. (2016). Arab media discourse: Breaking taboos. Kervan. International Journal of Afro-Asiatic Studies, (13 & 14).

Mahajan, V., & Zehr, D. (2012). The Arab world unbound: Tapping into the power of 350 million consumers. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Martin, J. D., Martins, R. J., & Naqvi, S. S. (2016). Media use predictors of online political efficacy among internet users in five Arab countries. Information, Communication & Society, 21, 1-18.

Martin, J. D., Martins, R. J., & Naqvi, S. (2017, in press). Do Arabs  really read less? Patterns and predictors of traditional and e-book reading in six Arab countries. International Journal of Communication, 11.

Martin, J. D., Martins, R. J., & Wood, R. (2016). Desire for cultural preservation as a predictor of support for entertainment media censorship in Saudi Arabia, Qatar, and the UAE. International Journal of Communication, 10, 3400-3422.  

Martin, J. D., & Schoenbach, K. (2016). Predictors of blogging activity in six Arab countries. International Communication Gazette, 78(8), 733-754.

Martin, J. D., Schoenbach, K., & Naqvi, S. (2017, August). Testing stereotypes about the online Arab public sphere: Predictors of concerns about internet surveillance in five Arab countries. Paper presented at the meeting of the Association for Education in Journalism & Mass Communication, Chicago.   

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Schoenbach, K., Saeed, M., & Wood, R. (2016, August). Expanding audience options by online videos in five MENA countries: New favorite genres or more of the same as on television? Paper presented at the meeting of the IAMCR, Leicester,U.K.

Schoenbach, K., Wood, R., & Saeed, M. (2016). Media industries in the Middle East, 2016. Northwestern University in Qatar. Retrieved from http://www.mideastmedia.org/industry/2016/

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Tawil Souri, H. (2007). The terrorists’ network: An analysis of “pro-Arab” video games. Paper presented at the meeting of The International Communication Association, San Francisco, CA. 

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Wolfsfeld, G., Segev, E., & Sheafer, T. (2013). Social media and the Arab Spring: Politics comes first. The International Journal of Press/Politics, 18(2), 115-137.

Yanarda˘go˘glu, E., & Karam, I. N. (2013). The fever that hit Arab satellite television: Audience perceptions of Turkish TV series. Identities. Global Studies in Culture and Power, 20(5) 561-79.

Zayani, M. (2011). Media, popular culture and contestatory politics in the contemporary Middle East. International Journal of Media & Cultural Politics, 7(1), 85-99.